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This example to introduce the electric generating set automatic voltage regulator, PCB circuit has good voltage regulation performance, strong

adaptability, low cost, etc, can be used for all kinds of medium and small internal combustion generating set and hydropower station etc.

Automatic voltage regulator, can also be used to transform the old generating units.

PCB circuit working principle of the generator automatic voltage regulator PCB circuit power supply PCB circuit, relaxation oscillation is

triggered by the synchronous trigger circuit, reactive power and voltage control PCB PCB circuit, the power to adjust current inadequate

protection of PCB circuit.

Synchronous trigger power supply PCB circuit consists of power transformer T, VD4 ~ VD9 rectifier diodes, zener diode of VS1 and resistor R1.

Relaxation oscillation trigger PCB circuit by the transistor V2, VU unijunction transistor, resistor R2 C2 and C3 ~ R5 and capacitor.

Voltage control PCB circuit by T power transformer, rectifier diode VD10 ~ VD15, resistor, R6 ~ R8, potentiometer RP2, capacitor C1 and

zener diode of VS2, VS3.

Reactive current control PCB circuit of current transformer TA, potentiometer RP1, switch S1 and rectifier diode VD16 ~ VDl9 composition.

Exciting PCB circuit by alternator G excitation winding WE; Diode VD1, VD2, thyristor VT, normally closed contact of K1 K1 ~ 1, fuse FU1, etc.

Outside underload protection PCB circuit by the resistor R9 ~ V1 VD25 ~ VD31 Rl2, diode, transistor, capacitor C4 ~ C8 and relay K2.

Magnetization magnetization button S2, PCB circuit by diode VD2O ~ VD24, normally closed contact of K1 K1 ~ 2, fuse FU2 W4 winding and T.

Three-phase ac voltage from generator G crystal after T step-down, W5 in T ~ W7 produce 30 v three-phase sinusoidal ac voltage on the

winding, produced in the project.it ~ W1O winding 18 v three-phase sinusoidal ac voltage. W5 voltage by the VD4 on ~ ~ W7 winding VD9

rectifier, R1 current-limiting step-down and VS1 stabilized after 15 v dc voltage, trapezoidal wave as the relaxation oscillation trigger

synchronous power; Project.it ~ W1O winding voltage on the VD1O ~ VD15 rectifier, R6 and RP2 current-limiting step-down and C1 filter, by R7

and R8 and VS2, bridge type measurement of VS3 PCB circuit to add to the relaxation oscillation trigger, as a control signal voltage.

Electricity to start the generator G, C voltage on both ends (bridge type measurement of PCB circuit input voltage) is low, are conducting VS2

and VS3, relaxation oscillation trigger does not work. When the voltage of the generator G up to 200 v, VS2 and VS3 breakdown conduction, the

relaxation oscillation triggers work, from the first base of VU output pulse wave signal, the signal via VD3 add to VT gate, as a trigger signal. In

this way, establish the no-load voltage generator in a short time.

With the rising of the generator terminal voltage, voltage on both ends of the a and b gradually decline. When the voltage of the generator of more

than 40 OV, a and b on both ends of the voltage drop for OV, the V2 as, relaxation oscillation stop trigger, VU no pulse signal output, VT cut-off,

cut off the excitation of the PCB circuit dc power supply, make the generator terminal voltage stability is 400 v (no load rating). Once because of

the load or other reasons make the output of the generator terminal voltage drop, voltage would immediately rise on both ends of the a and b, the

V2 conduction, remittent trigger oscillations, VU output pulse signal of VT trigger conduction, increasing the excitation current of the generator

rotor, forcing the generator output voltage rise to the rated load voltage value.

When the generator in parallel operation, through the reactive current of current transformer TA increase, make the TA secondary winding on the

induced voltage increases, the voltage by the RP1 shunt regulation and VD16 ~ VD19 rectifier, dc voltage drop to form in the R6, changing a

and b of high and low voltage at each end. When the reactive current increases, the voltage drop on both ends of the a, b, make the VT

conduction Angle smaller, less reactive current of generator.

When the generator power (internal combustion engine, turbine, etc.) lack of speed, the frequency of the generator output voltage will decrease,

this will make the generator and load (ac motor, etc.) the working current of rise, generator excitation current increase due to voltage drops make

thyristor VT over-current damage, even may burn out generators. In order to make the generator steam out stop electricity, increased outside of

V1 and K2 underpowered protect PCB circuit. Output voltage of the generator frequency to reduce due to lack of external power, V1 conduction,

make K2 electricity or absorption, the normally open contacts connected, VS1 short-circuit, relaxation oscillation trigger lose + 15 v voltage and

stop working, and lost his trigger pulse thyristor VT and deadline, thus protecting the generator and the brake pipe VT.

Generator G operation, the low remanence formation of single phase voltage (12 v) by VD1 half-wave rectifier dc current flow and field winding of

the weak field current to high some of the low voltage generator stator. If the generator speed has reached its rating, this positive feedback

process to make the generator in a very short period of time (less than 3 s) establish the no-load voltage of the three-phase. When the generator

voltage up to 200 ~ 300 v, K1 electric suction, the normally closed contact and K1 K1-1-2 disconnect, bought from VT supply field current

conduction.

Generator G load running under the rated speed, the excitation current loop is: the neutral line N - WE - thyristor excitation winding VT - fuse FU1

- the U output end of the generator (L1).

VD2 fly-wheel diode for it and WE both ends in the excitation winding, when VT conduction deadline, when VT by conduction.

When the generator for long-term unused downtime or be affected with damp be affected with damp, and other reasons caused serious loss of

magnetic (normal, the remanence voltage generator is about 20 v, after excitation-loss is 6 ~ 10 v), will not be able to establish the no-load

voltage on its own. The magnetization button S2, excitation-loss after 6 ~ 1 ov voltage booster, VD2O ~ VD24 via T W4 winding rectifier

excitation coil WE supply directly, after make the generators in the case of excitation-loss establish the no-load voltage, without an external

battery.

RP2 for voltage lock potentiometer, after the generator is up and running, adjust the RP2 resistance, make the output of the generator voltage is

400 v (50 hz or 60 hz).

Components to choose metal film resistor R1 and R6 selects the 2 w; The rest of the resistance with 1/2 w metal film resistor or carbon film

resistor. P1 choose line around the variable resistor; RP2 choose 2 w precision potentiometer or variable resistor.

C1 and C2, C4 and C6 and C7 C9 and selects the withstand voltage value of 25 v aluminum electrolytic capacitor; C3 and C5, and C8 selects

the monolithic capacitors.

VD1 choose 2 oa, 400 v silicon rectifier diode, such as 2 cz59f model; VD2 choose 5 oa, 400 v silicon rectifier diode, such as 2 cz60f model;

VD3 ~ VD35 selects the type 1 n4007 silicon rectifier diode.

VS1 ~ VS3 selects the 1 w silicon zener diode.

V1 choose S8550 or 3 cg8550 type silicon PNP transistor. V2 choose sa1o15 2 or 3 cg1o15 type silicon PNP transistors.

VU type choose BT33F unijunction transistor.

VT choose 5 oa, more than 400 v of the thyristor

K1 and K2 choose small 24 v dc relay.