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FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a product further developed on the basis of programmable devices such as PAL (Programmable Array Logic) and GAL (General Array Logic). It appeared as a semi-custom circuit in the field of application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), which not only solved the shortcomings of custom circuits, but also overcome the shortcomings of the limited number of original programmable device gate circuits.FPGA device belongs to a kind of semi-custom circuit in application-specific integrated circuit. It is a programmable logic array, which can effectively solve the problem that the original device has a small number of gate circuits. The basic structure of FPGA includes programmable input and output units, configurable logic blocks, digital clock management modules, embedded block RAM, routing resources, embedded dedicated hard cores, and embedded functional units at the bottom layer. Because FPGA has the characteristics of abundant wiring resources, repea...

A terminal is the point at which a conductor from a component, device or network comes to an end. Terminal may also refer to an electrical connector at this endpoint, acting as the reusable interface to a conductor and creating a point where external circuits can be connected. A terminal may simply be the end of a wire or it may be fitted with a connector or fastener.All electrochemical cells have two terminals (electrodes) which are referred to as the anode and cathode or positive (+) and negative (-). On many dry batteries, the positive terminal (cathode) is a protruding metal cap and the negative terminal (anode) is a flat metal disc (see Battery terminal). In a galvanic cell such as a common AA battery, electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal, while the conventional current is opposite to this.

It is a memory module with registers between the DRAM module and the system memory controller. This reduces the electrical load on the memory controller, making a single system using multiple memory modules more stable. In contrast to registered memory, traditional memory is often referred to as unbuffered memory or unregistered memory. When manufactured as dual inline memory modules (DIMMs), registered memory modules are called RDIMMs and unregistered memory are called UDIMMs. Registered memory is generally more expensive because it is sold less and requires additional circuitry, so it is generally only used in applications where scalability and robustness needs outweigh price requirements, so register memory is often used in servers.Although most register memory is equipped with error correction (ECC), there is no relationship between register memory and ECC, and the two can exist alone or together. For example, some unregistered ECC memory is used on workstation or entry-level ser...

Circuit protection is mainly to protect the components in electronic circuits from being damaged under overvoltage, overcurrent, surge, electromagnetic interference, etc. With the development of science and technology, power/electronic products are increasingly diversified and complicated. The circuit protection components used are not the simple glass tube fuses of the past. Usually, the protection devices include varistors, TVS, and gas discharge tubes has developed into a wide range of emerging electronic components field. A practical simulation to circuit protection can be simulated using fuse at DCACLab .With the complexity of modern electronic products, the requirements for the use of protection components are also increasing, such as comprehensive protection, limited reserved space, etc. With these requirements, the protection component industry has set off a wave of combined packaging. As mentioned above, the overcurrent and overtemperature protection is also a kind o...

An inductor is a component that can convert electrical energy into magnetic energy and store it. The structure of an inductor is similar to that of a transformer, but with only one winding. An inductor has a certain inductance, it only resists changes in current flow. If the inductor has no current flowing through it, it will try to block the flow of current through it when the circuit is on; if the inductor has current flowing through it, it will try to maintain the current flow when the circuit is off. Inductors are also called chokes, reactors, and dynamic reactors.Inductors mainly play the functions of filtering, oscillation, delay and notch in the circuit, as well as filtering signals, filtering noise, stabilizing current and suppressing electromagnetic wave interference.

Generally speaking, the counter IC is the logic circuit used to realize the most basic operation of counting. In the digital system, the counter mainly counts the number of pulses to realize the functions of measurement, counting and control, and also has the function of frequency division. , the counter is composed of a basic counting unit and some control gates, and the counting unit is composed of a series of various types of flip-flops with the function of storing information. These flip-flops include RS flip-flops, T flip-flops, D flip-flops and JK flip-flops. device, etc.

Integrated circuits designed to allow communication between devices.Interface ICs are integrated circuits that allow to control and manage the communication between two or more devices. They define how the transmission of data is performed depending on the communication protocol used. That is to say, interface ICs are integrated circuits that serve as a link between two systems (or components of a device) that wouldnt be compatible otherwise. The sharing of information between devices is important in electronics, as the applications taking advantage of them are many. For example, theyre used in telecommunications, automation and even in audio processing.

In integrated circuits (ICs), interconnects are structures that connect two or more circuit elements (such as transistors) together electrically. The design and layout of interconnects on an IC is vital to its proper function, performance, power efficiency, reliability, and fabrication yield. The material interconnects are made from depends on many factors. Chemical and mechanical compatibility with the semiconductor substrate and the dielectric between the levels of interconnect is necessary, otherwise barrier layers are needed. Suitability for fabrication is also required; some chemistries and processes prevent the integration of materials and unit processes into a larger technology (recipe) for IC fabrication. In fabrication, interconnects are formed during the back-end-of-line after the fabrication of the transistors on the substrate.

A power semiconductor device is a semiconductor device used as a switch or rectifier in power electronics (for example in a switch-mode power supply). Such a device is also called a power device or, when used in an integrated circuit, a power IC.A power semiconductor device is usually used in "commutation mode" (i.e., it is either on or off), and therefore has a design optimized for such usage; it should usually not be used in linear operation. Linear power circuits are widespread as voltage regulators, audio amplifiers, and radio frequency amplifiers.

RFIC is an abbreviation of radio-frequency integrated circuit. Applications for RFICs include radar and communications, although the term RFIC might be applied to any electrical integrated circuit operating in a frequency range suitable for wireless transmission.There is considerable interest in RFIC research due to the cost benefit of shifting as much of the wireless transceiver as possible to a single technology, which in turn would allow for a system on a chip solution as opposed to the more common system-on-package. This interest is bolstered by the pervasiveness of wireless capabilities in electronics.